NIX CARBS

LEGAL DISCLAIMER: I am not a doctor, nor do I play one on TV. Everything on this site is my opinion or the opinion of those referenced. Nothing here is meant to be medical advice. While I advocate for certain lifestyle choices, do your own research and talk to your doctor before making changes.

A mere 300 hundred years ago, our ancestors primarily ate food available near their home. Some simple items that keep and travel well, like salt. pepper, and tea, could be purchased in bulk from places far away.

They feasted on foods seasonally and rationed through the year. This means fruit was plenty during harvest time, like the fall. One could eat plenty of a couple types of fruit roughly once a year. Canning to preserve food was not invented yet. Our ancestors could dry the fruit or make a crude wine, but keeping it safe from critters was difficult. During the other ten months of the year, the primary food source for most of the world was meat raised or hunted locally.

Additionally, the food was very different from what we recognize today. If you lived somewhere that grew bananas, like south Florida, they did not taste sweet the way we would think of sweet. Apples were much less sweet, as were grapes. Even things you may not think of as a sweet, like potatoes and wheat, had a lot less sugar in them. Selective hybridization over the centuries has very purposely emphasized higher sugar content in crops.

In the 1970’s, the sugar industry gave three researchers $50,000 each to publish a paper that shifted blame from sugar to fat. One of the three, Mark Hegstead, would become head of nutrition at the USDA. He helped move the new food pyramid to include higher carbohydrate intake. This move by the sugar industry would have been much harder to pull off except Ancel Keys had published his book, Seven Countries Study, after researching his idea that a fatty diet caused his problems. His study to try to prove it failed to prove his idea. He then cut out two-thirds of the data (instead of 7 it was 22 countries) so it would prove his point, and published the book, and then bullied other professionals until it became widely adopted. Even more egregious than ignoring this data, he was involved in another study years earlier, Data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment. This study completely refuted his ideas thoroughly and so it sat dormant for 40 years until 2017. You can find the re-evaluation study in the research list on this site. These lies are the basis of the government’s food pyramid we were all taught.

For the last 50 years, we have been lied to. If you line up the graphs by date showing increasing obesity, increasing heart disease, diabetes, etc you will see them all sharply rising shortly after the new food pyramid came out.

Many of the people spreading the lies do not know they are wrong. Many of our doctors are merely teaching what they have been taught. Unfortunately, most of the doctors who do know the truth cannot do much about it because the Standard of Care to which the medical industry abides forces the lie to perpetuate under threat of law suits against doctors who go against it. I encourage everyone to research for themselves what is ancestrally appropriate eating and reduce their intake of the modern foods packed with chemicals and other unhealthy additives.

My Story

I have fought my weight ever since we miscarried Alex over 32 years ago. At the time, I did not correlate my excessive eating and sleeplessness with grief. Nor did I realize how addicted I had become to carbohydrates. After decades of trying various ketogenic, vegetarian, juicing, and the mainstay calorie restriction diets, I have learned all of them allowed my addiction to take over because I am a carbohydrate addict, a carboholic. The problem with this addiction is if you tell people that you are addicted, or if you just say you are watching your weight, they still try to push their ‘food’ on you. However, if you say you are a recovering alcoholic, they will help keep alcohol away. I became morbidly obese and unhealthy, developed high blood pressure, pre-diabetes, struggled with anxiety and depression, and so many other problems. When I was doing keto again over seven years ago, in 2017, I started getting multiple blood panel tests to prove its effectiveness. Then in 2018, my only son, Caleb, died at age 21. I fell off of keto shortly after that but I kept getting tested.

My PSA had been around 2.2 for several years. In October 2021, it was 2.6, not a concerning rise. Then in June 2022, the test showed my PSA had shot up to 3.8. I retested it a few weeks later to verify and it was 4.5! I was very concerned because this indicates a highly probable prostate cancer.

Scared, I scheduled a urology appointment and spent two days researching all the ways to beat cancer. I stumbled over a Reddit post saying they used the carnivore diet to beat cancer. I wish I kept that post reference. Not really knowing what this was, I searched for carnivore and found Jordan Peterson talking to Joe Rogan and his saying how much better he felt and his depression and anxiety was cured. More research that night, finding many anecdotal personal stories and cancer clinics that use low carb and fasting, I became convinced it could possibly slow cancer. If it did that, or removed the 80 pounds I gained since Caleb died, or even just stopped the depression and anxiety, that’s better than where I was. I was encouraged because one of the diets I had done in 2000, the Atkins Diet, was very similar.

I scheduled a urology visit and they confirmed an enlarged prostate and high PSA. The doctor, concerned that I likely had ‘a problem’, insisted I get a biopsy. I asked if there was any other way to confirm and he said no. That’s a lie, and one that would haunt me a few weeks later.

No exaggeration, I nearly died from my biopsy. The urologist cut an artery on the wall of the colon. He stopped the bleed, but then at home it resumed a few days. I went back to the urologist and it stopped bleeding on my way there. He said it probably needs a stitch if it won’t hold, but he didn’t want to disturb it, hoping it was fine. It resumed a few hours later and became so bad I went to the ER that afternoon. I sat there bleeding for seven hours before they called me to the back. They did a CT and the doctor said he would not touch an intestinal bleed and wouldn’t wake the on call colorectal doc. He sent me home and basically said return when I was dying. I texted my urologist and he responded with an appointment with a specialist for me first thing in the morning.

My joy was short-lived because I had another big expulsion of blood, got dizzy, sat down on the couch, and took my blood pressure. I had been monitoring it all day so I would know when I could go to the E.R. It failed to register any. I tried again. We tried my other arm and got a diastolic of 47. Donna put it on her arm and it worked. Yeah, this is not good. I got dizzy again and then nearly blacked out. Donna was yelling at me, trying to get me to respond. I could hear her faintly, but I could not respond. I then came to. My skin was cold and clammy, and my clothes were sopping wet from sweat. I was super scared!

I really did not want to go to the emergency room. They would just mess up my chance at seeing a real surgeon who does this for cancer patients and other tough cases all the time. We decided I needed sugar and electrolytes after drinking water all day. I drank two Gatorades and had a snack. Yes, I broke my diet for a medical emergency. I went to bed for a couple hours and thoroughly expected to not wake up.

Surgery went great. The biopsy results came back and it confirmed cancer likely. They tested the sample at another lab which agreed it was cancer, stage 1. The doctor scheduled an MRI to do surgery planning. Because I recently had colorectal surgery and a colorectal coil would be best, he delayed the MRI screening a few extra weeks. A glitch in the scheduling occurred and it was delayed another few weeks.

It wasn’t until about five months after I started carnivore when the MRI occurred and it found a normal sized, 31ml prostate and no cancer. A retest of my PSA showed it was lower than it had ever tested, 0.8!

Since starting this carnivore lifestyle, I have lost over 90 pounds of fat, gained a lot of muscle, turned my A1C from pre-diabetic 6.8 to 5.4 (well below any concern), blood pressure from 147/83 to 120/72, and triglyceride/HDL ratio is 1.1. My pants went from 44” to 32” in the waist. I am in the same pant size I had when I was 23! Pretty good for a 53 year old!

The weight loss is not the biggest win. While the cancer win is huge, it does not impact my daily life as much as the smaller things that have changed. After 30 years fighting to breathe, on 3 different medications everyday for 24 years, going to the doctor 2-3 times a year for steroids and antibiotics, I can now breathe freely with no medications! Keto never fixed this, but not eating plants 10 days did!

I tried to manage my anxiety and depression after Caleb died. It became bad enough that I went to a psychiatrist who prescribed an SSRI. I hated how I felt on that, tried getting the dosage adjusted, and then Covid hit. The doctor’s office was not allowing patients to come and I could only get refills of my current dose. Well, I weened myself off the SSRI. Within about three weeks of carnivore, I noticed my anxiety was greatly reduced and my depression more manageable. A few more weeks and they were both easily managed!

Before going carnivore, I could not walk up my stairs except using my left leg to step up, then bringing the right one up to the same step. Any attempt to put weight on the right knee was too painful. My orthopedic surgeon said I needed a knee replacement. A few weeks on the lifestyle and I could walk up my stairs. A few weeks more and I could do it with no pain. At month four I was walking the neighborhood and jogging some of the downhill portions. Month five I was jogging more. Then I started very short sprints. Now I sprint up each hill, no more than 15-20 seconds each time to not injure the knees. That is a massive mobility improvement! I might still need a replacement because the damage is done, but I can hold it off longer. The end of 2021, we went to an amusement park in north Florida. Obviously, it was extremely flat. It should have been an easy day of walking around and sitting. I could not walk around. I sat. If flat was not doable, thinking I could sprint uphill only two years later was unfathomable!

I eat no vegetables, nor fruits, nor spices. I have no condiments or sauces made with any of these things. I do not eat them because they affect my health. I feel worse when I eat them. Before changing to this lifestyle, I would use a lot. Now I can feel the difference. Because beef and eggs make me feel the best, that is 95% what I eat. Bacon, other meats, and a little cheese is the rest. My one remaining non-carnivore hold out is coffee. I tried quitting but my ADHD was much more difficult to handle. Taking Adderall or Focalin would let me say I am clean carnivore, but I think coffee is an acceptable trade to not take these powerful stimulants. I think I would feel better without coffee but my job performance would suffer. As it is, the ADHD is better on this lifestyle. It’s hard to explain the difference, but while I still need help and even then it is not great, my thinking is more focused with more clarity.

Cooking and making my own recipes was a passion of mine and I have enjoyed cooking professionally and at home. This lifestyle took most of that away. However, I no longer desire all those bells and whistles.

Nothing tastes as good as feeling great!

– David A. Lloyd

Nettleton JE, Klancic T, Schick A, Choo AC, Shearer J, Borgland SL, Chleilat F, Mayengbam S, Reimer RA. Low-Dose Stevia (Rebaudioside A) Consumption Perturbs Gut Microbiota and the Mesolimbic Dopamine Reward System. Nutrients. 2019 May 31;11(6):1248. doi: 10.3390/nu11061248. PMID: 31159256; PMCID: PMC6627124.

Farid A, Hesham M, El-Dewak M, Amin A. The hidden hazardous effects of stevia and sucralose consumption in male and female albino mice in comparison to sucrose. Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Oct;28(10):1290-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.019. Epub 2020 Sep 2. PMID: 33132722; PMCID: PMC7584803.

Cancer

Li Jing, Zhang Haiyan, Dai Zhu. “Cancer Treatment With the Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Animal Studies” Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 8, 2021, doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.594408, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.594408

Abolhassani R, Berg E, Tenenbaum G and Israel M. “Inhibition of SCOT and Ketolysis Decreases Tumor Growth and Inammation in the Lewis Cancer Model” JJ Oncol Clin Res 3: 1-12, 2022, doi: 10.17303/jocr.2022.3.104, http://jscholaronline.com/full-text/JOCR/3_104/Inhibition-of-Scot-and-Ketolysis-Decreases.php

Duke-NUS Medical School. “Starving cancer cells of sugar — does it work?.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 26 January 2018. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180126095312.htm>.

Cholesterol

Kristensen ML, Christensen PM, Hallas J. “The effect of statins on average survival in randomised trials, an analysis of end point postponement” BMJ Open 2015;5:e007118. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007118

Hamley, S. “The effect of replacing saturated fat with mostly n-6 polyunsaturated fat on coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.” Nutr J 16, 30 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0254-5

Ramsden C E, Zamora D, Majchrzak-Hong S, Faurot K R, Broste S K, Frantz R P et al. “Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73)” BMJ 2016; 353 :i1246 doi:10.1136/bmj.i1246

de Souza R J, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma A I, Ha V, Kishibe T et al. “Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies” BMJ 2015; 351 :h3978 doi:10.1136/bmj.h3978

Ravnskov U, Diamond DM, Hama R, et al. “Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review.” BMJ Open 2016;6: e010401. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2015-010401

Harumi Okuyama, Peter H Langsjoen, Tomohito Hamazaki, Yoichi Ogushi, Rokuro Hama, Tetsuyuki Kobayashi & Hajime Uchino (2015) “Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms“, Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 8:2, 189-199, DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.1011125

Arne Astrup, Faidon Magkos, Dennis M. Bier, J. Thomas Brenna, Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto, James O. Hill, Janet C. King, Andrew Mente, Jose M. Ordovas, Jeff S. Volek, Salim Yusuf, Ronald M. Krauss, “Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review“, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol 76, Iss 7, 2020, Pages 844-857, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077.

Diamond, David M.; Bikman, Benjamin T.; Mason, Paul. “Statin therapy is not warranted for a person with high LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet.” Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity 29(5):p 497-511, October 2022. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000764

Elliott, J. (2014) Flaws, Fallacies and Facts: Reviewing the Early History of the Lipid and Diet/Heart Hypotheses. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1886-1903. doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.519201.

Testosterone

Hämäläinen EK, Adlercreutz H, Puska P, Pietinen P. Decrease of serum total and free testosterone during a low-fat high-fibre diet. J Steroid Biochem. 1983 Mar;18(3):369-70. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(83)90117-6. PMID: 6298507.

Caronia LM, Dwyer AA, Hayden D, Amati F, Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ. Abrupt decrease in serum testosterone levels after an oral glucose load in men: implications for screening for hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Feb;78(2):291-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04486.x. PMID: 22804876.

Maneesh M, Dutta S, Chakrabarti A, Vasudevan DM. ALCOHOL ABUSE-DURATION DEPENDENT DECREASE IN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN MALES. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 50 ( 3 ): 291–296

Gordon GG, Altman K, Southren AL, Rubin E, Lieber CS. Effect of alcohol (ethanol) administration on sex-hormone metabolism in normal men. N Engl J Med. 1976 Oct 7;295(15):793-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197610072951501. PMID: 958274.

Purohit V. Can alcohol promote aromatization of androgens to estrogens? A review. Alcohol. 2000 Nov;22(3):123-7. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(00)00124-5. PMID: 11163119.

Hu TY, Chen YC, Lin P, Shih CK, Bai CH, Yuan KC, Lee SY, Chang JS. Testosterone-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts Low Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadism. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 16;10(11):1786. doi: 10.3390/nu10111786. PMID: 30453566; PMCID: PMC6266690.

Christina Wang, Don H. Catlin, Borislav Starcevic, David Heber, Christie Ambler, Nancy Berman, Geraldine Lucas, Andrew Leung, Kathy Schramm, Paul W. N. Lee, Laura Hull, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Low-Fat High-Fiber Diet Decreased Serum and Urine Androgens in Men, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 90, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 3550–3559, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1530

Röjdmark S. Influence of short-term fasting on the pituitary-testicular axis in normal men. Horm Res. 1987;25(3):140-6. doi: 10.1159/000180645. PMID: 3106181.

Röjdmark S, Asplund A, Rössner S. Pituitary-testicular axis in obese men during short-term fasting. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1989 Nov;121(5):727-32. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.1210727. PMID: 2686332.

Salt

Franz H Messerli, Louis Hofstetter, Lamprini Syrogiannouli, Emrush Rexhaj, George C M Siontis, Christian Seiler, Sripal Bangalore, Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality, European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 21, 1 June 2021, Pages 2103–2112, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa947

Pickering RT, Bradlee ML, Singer MR, Moore LL. Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 19;13(1):269. doi: 10.3390/nu13010269. PMID: 33477824; PMCID: PMC7832857.

Mente A, O’Donnell M, Yusuf S. Sodium Intake and Health: What Should We Recommend Based on the Current Evidence? Nutrients. 2021; 13(9):3232. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093232

Kidney

Devries MC, Sithamparapillai A, Brimble KS, Banfield L, Morton RW, Phillips SM. Changes in Kidney Function Do Not Differ between Healthy Adults Consuming Higher- Compared with Lower- or Normal-Protein Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;148(11):1760-1775. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy197. PMID: 30383278; PMCID: PMC6236074.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research. The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999. 7, Effects of Protein Intake on Renal Function and on the Development of Renal Disease. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK224634/

Quiñones-Galvan A, Ferrannini E. Renal effects of insulin in man. J Nephrol. 1997 Jul-Aug;10(4):188-91. PMID: 9377725. Format:

Berryman CE, Agarwal S, Lieberman HR, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Pasiakos SM. Diets higher in animal and plant protein are associated with lower adiposity and do not impair kidney function in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104(3):743-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133819. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PMID: 27465374.

Martin WF, Armstrong LE, Rodriguez NR. Dietary protein intake and renal function. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005 Sep 20;2:25. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-25. PMID: 16174292; PMCID: PMC1262767.

Friedman AN, Ogden LG, Foster GD, Klein S, Stein R, Miller B, Hill JO, Brill C, Bailer B, Rosenbaum DR, Wyatt HR. Comparative effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein versus low-fat diets on the kidney. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;7(7):1103-11. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11741111. Epub 2012 May 31. PMID: 22653255; PMCID: PMC3386674.

Tirosh A, Golan R, Harman-Boehm I, Henkin Y, etal. Renal Function Following Three Distinct Weight Loss Dietary Strategies During 2 Years of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 1 August 2013; 36 (8): 2225–2232. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1846

Poplawski MM, Mastaitis JW, Isoda F, Grosjean F, Zheng F, Mobbs CV (2011) Reversal of Diabetic Nephropathy by a Ketogenic Diet. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018604

Van Elswyk ME, Weatherford CA, McNeill SH. A Systematic Review of Renal Health in Healthy Individuals Associated with Protein Intake above the US Recommended Daily Allowance in Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Adv Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;9(4):404-418. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy026. PMID: 30032227; PMCID: PMC6054213.

Devries MC, Sithamparapillai A, Brimble KS, Banfield L, Morton RW, Phillips SM. Changes in Kidney Function Do Not Differ between Healthy Adults Consuming Higher- Compared with Lower- or Normal-Protein Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;148(11):1760-1775. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy197. PMID: 30383278; PMCID: PMC6236074.

Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G (2014) Comparison of High vs. Normal/Low Protein Diets on Renal Function in Subjects without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97656. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097656

Poortmans JR, Dellalieux O. Do regular high protein diets have potential health risks on kidney function in athletes? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Mar;10(1):28-38. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.10.1.28. PMID: 10722779.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research. The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999. 7, Effects of Protein Intake on Renal Function and on the Development of Renal Disease. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK224634/

Remer T, Kalotai N, Amini AM, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Kühn T, Lorkowski S, Nimptsch K, Schwingshackl L, Zittermann A, Watzl B, Siener R; German Nutrition Society. Protein intake and risk of urolithiasis and kidney diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr. 2023 Aug;62(5):1957-1975. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03143-7. Epub 2023 May 3. PMID: 37133532; PMCID: PMC10349749.

Gout

Goldberg EL, Asher JL, Molony RD, Shaw AC, Zeiss CJ, Wang C, Morozova-Roche LA, Herzog RI, Iwasaki A, Dixit VD. β-Hydroxybutyrate Deactivates Neutrophil NLRP3 Inflammasome to Relieve Gout Flares. Cell Rep. 2017 Feb 28;18(9):2077-2087. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.004. PMID: 28249154; PMCID: PMC5527297.

Nakagawa T, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The effects of fruit consumption in patients with hyperuricaemia or gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Jul 1;58(7):1133-1141. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez128. PMID: 31004140.

Yamanaka H. [Alcohol ingestion and hyperuricemia]. Nihon Rinsho. 1996 Dec;54(12):3369-73. Japanese. PMID: 8976122.

Ayoub-Charette S, Liu Q, Khan TA, Au-Yeung F, Blanco Mejia S, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall C, Sievenpiper JL. Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and incident gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019 May 5;9(5):e024171. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024171. PMID: 31061018; PMCID: PMC6502023.

Jamnik J, Rehman S, Blanco Mejia S, de Souza RJ, Khan TA, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. Fructose intake and risk of gout and hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2016 Oct 3;6(10):e013191. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013191. PMID: 27697882; PMCID: PMC5073537.

Bai, L., Zhou, JB., Zhou, T. et al. Incident gout and weight change patterns: a retrospective cohort study of US adults. Arthritis Res Ther 23, 69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02461-7

Singh JA, Reddy SG, Kundukulam J. Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011 Mar;23(2):192-202. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283438e13. PMID: 21285714; PMCID: PMC4104583.

Glaucoma

Rasoulinejad SA, Kasiri A, Montazeri M, Rashidi N, Montazeri M, Montazeri M, Hedayati H. The Association Between Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Clustered Components of Metabolic Syndrome. Open Ophthalmol J. 2015 Oct 6;9:149-55. doi: 10.2174/1874364101509010149. PMID: 26535072; PMCID: PMC4627385.

Jee D, Huang S, Kang S, Park S. Polygenetic-Risk Scores for A Glaucoma Risk Interact with Blood Pressure, Glucose Control, and Carbohydrate Intake. Nutrients. 2020 Oct 26;12(11):3282. doi: 10.3390/nu12113282. PMID: 33114701; PMCID: PMC7693735.

Sunburn

Pilkington SM, Watson RE, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: photoprotective macronutrients. Exp Dermatol. 2011 Jul;20(7):537-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01294.x. Epub 2011 May 16. PMID: 21569104.

Pilkington, S.M., Watson, R.E.B., Nicolaou, A. and Rhodes, L.E. (2011), Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: photoprotective macronutrients. Experimental Dermatology, 20: 537-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01294.x

Lesley E. Rhodes, Hassan Shahbakhti, Richard M. Azurdia, Ralf M.W. Moison, Marie-Jose S.T. Steenwinkel, Marie I. Homburg, Michael P. Dean, F. McArdle, Gerard M.J. Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, Bernd Epe, Arie A. Vink, Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on UVR-related cancer risk in humans. An assessment of early genotoxic markers, Carcinogenesis, Volume 24, Issue 5, May 2003, Pages 919–925, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg038

Plant Toxicity

Harcombe, Z. & Baker, J. S. (2014). PLANT STEROLS LOWER CHOLESTEROL, BUT INCREASE RISK FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(3), 167-169. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2014.167.169

Dolan LC, Matulka RA, Burdock GA. Naturally occurring food toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2010 Sep;2(9):2289-332. doi: 10.3390/toxins2092289. Epub 2010 Sep 20. PMID: 22069686; PMCID: PMC3153292.

Andy Brunning. Periodic Graphics: Toxins in fruits and vegetables. C&EN, 2020, 98 (46), p 29November 30, 2020

Jackson-Malete J, Blake O, Gordon A. Chapter 2 – Natural Toxins in Fruits and Vegetables: Blighia sapida and Hypoglycin. Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries, Academic Press, 2015;17-32, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801227-7.00002-0.

Urugo MM, Tringo TT. Naturally Occurring Plant Food Toxicants and the Role of Food Processing Methods in Their Detoxification. Int J Food Sci. 2023 Apr 27;2023:9947841. doi: 10.1155/2023/9947841. PMID: 37153649; PMCID: PMC10159748.

{Not a study} USFDA. Natural Toxins In Food. USFDA;2023. https://www.fda.gov/food/chemical-contaminants-pesticides/natural-toxins-food

{Not a study, medically reviewed article} Carnivore Aurelius. The Scary Truth About Veggies (+5 Vegetable Toxins). 3/2020.

Fiber

Park Y, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Bergkvist L, Berrino F, van den Brandt PA, Buring JE, Colditz GA, Freudenheim JL, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Harnack L, Hartman AM, Jacobs DR Jr, Kato I, Krogh V, Leitzmann MF, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Pietinen P, Rohan TE, Schatzkin A, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zhang SM, Smith-Warner SA. Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. JAMA. 2005 Dec 14;294(22):2849-57. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.22.2849. PMID: 16352792.

Asano T, McLeod RS. Dietary fibre for the prevention of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD003430. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003430. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 08;1:CD003430. PMID: 12076480.

Ho KS, Tan CY, Mohd Daud MA, Seow-Choen F. Stopping or reducing dietary fiber intake reduces constipation and its associated symptoms. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep 7;18(33):4593-6. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4593. PMID: 22969234; PMCID: PMC3435786.

Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion, International Journal of Cardiology. 2016;213:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109.

Weinberger A, Schumacher HR, Agudelo CA. Urate crystals in asymptomatic metatarsophalangeal joints. Ann Intern Med. 1979 Jul;91(1):56-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-91-1-56. PMID: 464455.

Peery AF, Barrett PR, Park D, Rogers AJ, Galanko JA, Martin CF, Sandler RS. A high-fiber diet does not protect against asymptomatic diverticulosis. Gastroenterology. 2012 Feb;142(2):266-72.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.10.035. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22062360; PMCID: PMC3724216.

Books that might as well be research

Mackarness, Richard M.B.,B.S.x Eat Fat And Grow Slim, 1960 (free online)

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